共用题干 Better Solar Energy Systems:More Heat,More LightSolar photovoltaic（光电的）...

问题共用题干 Better Solar Energy Systems:More Heat,More Light

Solar photovoltaic（光电的）thermal energy systems , or PVTs , generate both heat and electricity , but
_________ (51)now they haven't been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone
solar thermal collector. That ' s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon（晶体硅）
solar cells, _______(52)lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn't a very efficient way to gather
heat.
That's a problem of economics.Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a
solar一electric system at a substantially lower _________(53).And it's also a space problem:photovoltaic
cells can
_________(54)up all the space on the roof,leaving little room for thermal applications.
In a pair of studies,Joshua Pearce,an associate professor of materials science and engineering,has de-
vised a_________(55)in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon.
Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon,but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous
（非晶形的）silicon , commonly known
________( 56 ) thin-film silicon. They don ' t create as much elec-
tricity,but they are lighter,flexible,and cheaper. And,because they________(57)much less silicon,they
have a greener footprint._________(58),thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad一news
physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.
"That means that their efficiency drops when you_________(59)them to light一pretty much the worst
possible effect for a solar cell,"Pearce explains,which is one of the__________(60)thin-film solar panels
make up only a small fraction of the market.
However,Pearce and his team found a_______(61)to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by
incorporating thin-film silicon in a new________(62)of PVT. You don't have to cool down thin-film sili-
con to make it work.In fact,Pearce's group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating tempera-
tures,near the boiling_________(63)of water,they could make thicker cells that largely_________(64)
the Staebler-Wronski effect.When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector,
they also found that by baking the cell once a day,they_________(65)the solar cell's electrical efficiency
by over 10 percent.

选项 _________(61) A:way B:part C:result D:subject

答案 A

解析文章介绍最近科学家已经完善了太阳能光伏热能系统，现在新型的太阳能系统能将太阳能转换为更多的电能和热能。第一段说明以往晶体硅太阳能电池在收集热能方面效率很低。四个选项中，只有选用until（直到······为止）才符合上下文的意思。"...until now they（太阳能光伏热能系统）haven' t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector.”该句意为：与太阳热能单机集热器相比，直到现在为止，太阳能光伏热能系统在转换热能方面效率一直不是很高。
本句说明了以往的太阳能光伏热能系统在转换热能方面效率低的原因：它们在较低的温度下运转以冷却晶体硅太阳能电池，而这样能产生更多的电能却不能高效地收集热能。which指代本句中“they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells”这句话的整个内容。
本句说，good solar hot-water systems在收获能量方面比solar-electric system要好得多，从经济学的角度上分析，成本就降低了。所以，选cost（成本）是对的。其他选项reward（报酬，回报）,bill (账单，清单，钞票）和pay（工资，薪水）均不符合语境。
从本句末的“leaving little room for thermal applications”可推知答案。take up是固定词组，表示“占据”。
上一段说太阳能光伏热能系统有两个问题，即经济问题和空间问题。Joshua Pearce采用另外一种硅来制造PVT应该是为了解决上述问题。故选solution（解决方法，处理手段）。 devise意为“发明，设计，想出”。
known as sth是固定搭配，意为“被称为······”，符合语境。" amorphous silicon , commonly known as thin-film silicon”意为“非晶硅，通常被称为薄膜硅”。
这里是说：采用薄膜硅制造的太阳能电池，电能的转换量虽然不如晶体硅太阳能电池，但薄膜硅太阳能电池用硅量小，比较环保。require（需要）符合语境。retrieve（提取）, merge（混合）,exchange（交换）放在这里均不合适。
前面说的用硅量小、比较环保是薄膜硅太阳能电池的优点，而由下文的vulnerable (易受攻击的）可知下面说的是薄膜硅太阳能电池的缺点，所以选C。
expose...to意为“暴露······于”，是固定搭配。后文说“pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell（对太阳能电池来说这很可能是最糟的效应）"，而根据常识，对太阳能电池来说最糟的可能便是其构成材料经受不了日晒，所以选expose非常符合语境。
暴露于光线下时，薄膜硅太阳能电池效能降低，这是导致该产品市场占有份额很小的一个原因。选reasons为答案很合理。
这里指Pearce和他的队员发现了一种通过将薄膜硅纳人一种新型的PVT来改变 Staebler-Wronski效应的方法。所以选Aa engineer around意为“改变······的基因结构”。
为了克服Staebler-Wronski效应，Pearce和他的团队悉心改进光伏太阳热能系统的结构。作者要写的应该是运用一种新型PVT，故选type（类型）。
这里指将薄膜硅加热到太阳能加热器工作的温度，临近水的沸点······the boiling point of water指水的沸点。故选C。
从上下文判断，采用加热薄膜硅的方法，就能解决Staebler-Wronski效应。overcome表示“克服，解决”，符合语境。
前文讲通过加热薄膜硅，Staebler-Wronski效应得到解决，这是一个好事，而本句中提到 " they also found that by baking the cell once a day"，从语义连贯来看，这里应该是指提高了将太阳能转换为电能的效率，否则应用转折词而非“also”这样的表示承接的词，故选D。 boost表示 “增加，促进，提高”。

共用题干 Better Solar Energy Systems:More Heat,More LightSolar photovoltaic（光电的）...

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