共用题干 To Survive or to Vanish1.Over 3.6 billion years ago,the first creature ...

问题共用题干 To Survive or to Vanish

1.Over 3.6 billion years ago,the first creature was born in the world.Since then,the earth started its era with life.The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings.To a large extent,the physical form and the habits of the earth's vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time,the opposite effect,in which life actually modifies its surroundings,has been relatively slight. Only in the present century has one species一man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.
2.During the past 25 years,this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character. The most alarming of all man's assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air,earth,rivers,and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable.In this now universal contamination of the environment,chemicals are the sinister partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world the very nature of its life. Chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil,entering into living organisms, passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death.Or they pass mysteriously by underground streams until they emerge and combine into new forms that kill vegetation,sicken cattle,and work unknown harm on those who drink from once pure wells."Man can hardly even recognize the devils of his own creation,"as a scientist has said.
3.Hundreds of millions of years have passed before the globe produced the life that now inhabits the earth.Given time not in years but in millennia life adjusts,and a balance has been reached.But in the modern world there is no time.
4.The quick steps of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature.Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man's tampering with the atom.The chemicals are the synthetic creations of man's inventive mind,having no counterparts in nature.
5.To survive these chemicals would require not merely the years of one man's life but the life of generations.And even this,were it by some miracle possible,would be futile,for the new chemicals come from our laboratories in an endless stream;almost five hundred annually find their way into actual use in the United States alone.Among them are many that are used in man's war against nature.Since the mid l940's over 200 basic chemicals have been created for use in killing insects,weeds,and other organisms described as"pests".
6.It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never he used.I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons,without their consent and often without their knowledge.I contend,furthermore,that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil,water,wildlife,and man himself. Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life.

选项 Paragraph 2_______ A:Man should be cautious in chemical use. B:It takes generations for mankind to adapt themselves to the chemicals. C:Chemicals are human's invention D:Human's power increases and has changed its character in the past quarter century. E:The new change in the relationship between earth and its creature一human's power playing a greater role in changing the world F: Modern world gives no time for nature to adjust to human.

答案 D

解析本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。第一段前面大部分内容在说生物适应自然的内容，但最后一句用“only”引出本文要强调的新变化：人类对自然的影响。这与选项E中提到的：The new change in the relationship between earth and its creature一human's power playing a greater role in changing the world．地球与其生物之间关系的新变化——人类在改造世界的进程中起到更大的作用，意义相符，所以E是答案。
本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。第二段第一句是本段的主旨句："During the past 25 years,this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character.”在过去的25年中，这种力量不仅日趋强大，而且其性质也发生了变化。其中，“这种力量指的是人改造自然的力量”，这与选项D中提到的：" Human's power increases and has changed its character in the past quarter century.”意思相符。所以D是答案。
本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。第五段第一句是主旨句："To survive these chemicals would require not merely the years of one man's life but the life of generations.”为了在这些化学制品中存活下来，人类需要付出的不只是一个人一生的时间，而是几代人的时间。选项B中提到：" It takes generations for mankind to adapt themselves to the chemicals.”概括了本段的大意，所以B是答案。
本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。第六段通过两个“I (do) contend”引出对于人类错误使用化学物质并对此疏于监管表示担忧。选项A是答案，因为 " Man should be cautious in chemical use.”人类应该小心使用化学物质，概括了本段的大意。
本题考查的是对阐述文章的事实与细节的了解。依据是第一段倒数第二句："Considering the whole span of earthly time,the opposite effect,in which life actually modifies its surroundings , has been relatively slight.”将地球上生命存在的整个时期加以考虑，相反作用，即生命对其周围环境的实际改变作用，却相对很小。题干出现：生命改变其环境的影响，选项 F是relatively slight相对较小，与原文意思一致，证明了选项F是正确的。
本题考查的是对阐述文章的事实与细节的了解。选E的依据是第二段第三句“This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable.”而这种污染在很大程度上是无法挽救的。而题目中：人类对于自然的污染是在很大程度上______，缺少的信息正是选项E irrecoverable无法挽救的。
本题考查的是对阐述文章的事实与细节的了解。选A的依据是第四段的第二句：" Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man's tampering with the atom.”辐射是当今人类通过支配原子而得到的一种非自然的创造物。而选项A与题干结合的意思与之一致，所以 A是答案。
本题考查的是对阐述文章的事实与细节的了解。选C的依据是全文的最后一句：" Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life.”我们缺乏对万物赖以生存的自然界的生态完整性的关心，对此，后代是不可能原谅我们的。题干与选项C结合后与信息句意思一致。所以C是答案。

共用题干 To Survive or to Vanish1.Over 3.6 billion years ago,the first creature ...

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