共用题干第一篇Shift Work Link to Increased Risk of Heart ProblemsShift workers are...

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问题共用题干第一篇

Shift Work Link to Increased Risk of Heart Problems

Shift workers are slightly more at risk of having a heart attack or stroke than day workers,research suggests.
An analysis of studies involving more than 2 million workers in the British Medical Journal said shift
work can disrupt the body clock and have a negative effect on lifestyle.It has previously been linked to an
increased risk of high blood pressure and diabetes.
Limiting night shifts would help workers cope,experts said.
The team of researchers from Canada and Norway analyzed 34 studies.In total,there were 17,359
coronary events of some kind,including cardiac arrests,6,598 heart attacks and 1,854 strokes caused by
lack of blood to the brain.These events were more common in shift workers than in other people.
The BMJ study calculated that shift work was linked to a 23%increased risk of heart attack,24%
increased risk of coronary event and 5%increased risk of stroke.But they also said shift work was not linked
to increased mortality rates from heart problems and that the relative risks associated with heart problems
were"modest".
Dan Hackam,associate professor at Western University,London, Ontario in Canada,said shift workers
were more prone to sleeping and eating badly."Night shift workers are up all the time and they don't have
a defined rest period.They are in a state of perpetual nervous system activation which is bad for things like
obesity and cholesterol,"he said.
The authors say that screening programs could help identify and treat risk factors for shift workers,such
as high blood pressure and cholesterol levels.They add that shift workers could also be educated about what
symptoms to look out for,which might indicate early heart problems.
Jane White,research and information services manager at the Institution of Occupational Safety and
Health,said there were complex issues surrounding shift work."It can result in disturbed appetite and
digestion,reliance on sedatives and/or stimulants,as well as social and domestic problems."These can
affect performance,increase the likelihood of errors and accidents at work,and even have a negative effect
on health.She said the effects of shift work needed to be well managed.
"Avoiding permanent night shifts,limiting shifts to a maximum of 12 hours and ensuring workers have a
minimum of two full nights'sleep between day and night shifts are simple,practical solutions that can help
people to cope with shift work."

选项 The underlined word"disrupt"in Paragraph Two can be replaced by_______. A:prevent B:control C:cut off D:throw into disorder

答案 D

解析由文章第一段的内容可知，进行轮班工作的人心脏病发作和中风的几率比仅在白天工作的人稍微高点，并非很多，故A为正确答案。
prevent的意思为“防止，阻止······的发生”;control的意思为“控制”;cut off的意思为 “中断，终止”;throw into disorder的意思为“扰乱······，使不正常”。disrupt的意思为“扰乱”, 和throw into disorder的意思接近。故D为正确答案。
由文章第八段的第二句“It can result in disturbed appetite and digestion, reliance on sedatives and/or stimulants, as well as social and domestic problems.”可知，A、B、C三项都是进行轮班工作的坏处，故选D。
由第六段的最后一句中“They are in a state of perpetual nervous system activation which is bad for things like obesity and cholesterol”可知，夜班工作对肥胖和胆固醇疾病不利，也就是说，有此两种疾病的人不适合进行轮班工作。其余各项都没能正确理解原文的意思。
通读文章可知，本篇文章主要是针对轮班工作者的健康问题进行了专门的探讨，这篇文章最可能出现在健康杂志上，故B为正确答案。第二篇本篇文章主要讲述了大量发展中国家的艾滋病患者由于没有得治疗而死去的事情。文章指出应加强对艾滋病患者的救治，并提出了三种具体的救治办法。

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